Key Takeaways
- Malware is any software designed to harm (Viruses are just one type).
- Trojans disguise themselves as good software to trick you.
- Ransomware is the most profitable type for criminals today.
- Prevention = Updates + Antivirus + Caution.
"Malware" short for "Malicious Software," is an umbrella term for any software designed to harm. If it's bad, it's malware.
Common Types
- Virus: Code that attaches to clean files and spreads to other files. Requires user action (like opening a file) to execute.
- Worm: Self-replicating nightmare. Spreads across networks automatically without human help, exploiting vulnerabilities.
- Trojan: Disguises itself as legitimate software (e.g., a "Free Game Crack") to trick you into installing it. It opens a backdoor for hackers.
- Spyware: Hides in the background, recording your keystrokes to steal passwords.
- Adware: Bombs you with annoying popup ads to generate revenue for the attacker.
Signs of Infection
Does your computer run slow? Do you see weird popups? Are your fans spinning loud when doing nothing (crypto-mining malware)? You might be infected.
Prevention
1. Don't click suspicious links or email attachments.
2. Keep Windows/macOS updated.
3. Use an AdBlocker (Malicious ads are a common infection vector).
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do Macs get malware?
Yes. While less common than Windows malware due to market share, macOS malware is rising (e.g., Silver Sparrow). You are not immune just because you own a Mac.
Is free antivirus enough?
For most home users, Windows Defender (free, built-in) is excellent and sufficient. Paid antiviruses offer extra features like VPNs or Password Managers, but the core protection of Defender is top-tier.
Is your IP part of a botnet?
Check Botnet Status